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Please see attachments **files (4)** – ## MonroeDoctrine.pdf – ## JamesMadison.pdf – ## MissoruiCompromise-1.pdf – 09-GettingForward-GuidedReadingNotes.docx **## MonroeDoctrine.pdf** 508 Milestone Documents in American History Document Text Monroe Doctrine Note: The Monroe Doctrine was expressed dur…
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– ## JamesMadison.pdf
– ## MissoruiCompromise-1.pdf
– 09-GettingForward-GuidedReadingNotes.docx
**## MonroeDoctrine.pdf**
508 Milestone Documents in American History
Document Text
Monroe Doctrine
Note: The Monroe Doctrine
was expressed during President
Monroe’s seventh annual message
to Congress, December 2, 1823:
… At the proposal of the Russ-
ian Imperial Government, made
through the minister of the
Emperor residing here, a full
power and instructions have been
transmitted to the minister of the
United States at St. Petersburg to
arrange by amicable negotiation
the respective rights and interests
of the two nations on the north-
west coast of this continent. A
similar proposal has been made by
His Imperial Majesty to the Gov-
ernment of Great Britain, which has likewise been
acceded to. The Government of the United States has
been desirous by this friendly proceeding of manifest-
ing the great value which they have invariably
attached to the friendship of the Emperor and their
solicitude to cultivate the best understanding with his
Government. In the discussions to which this interest
has given rise and in the arrangements by which they
may terminate the occasion has been judged proper
for asserting, as a principle in which the rights and
interests of the United States are involved, that the
American continents, by the free and independent
condition which they have assumed and maintain, are
henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future
colonization by any European powers….
It was stated at the commencement of the last
session that a great effort was then making in Spain
and Portugal to improve the condition of the people
of those countries, and that it appeared to be con-
ducted with extraordinary moderation. It need
scarcely be remarked that the results have been so
far very different from what was then anticipated. Of
events in that quarter of the globe, with which we
have so much intercourse and from which we derive
our origin, we have always been anxious and interest-
ed spectators. The citizens of the United States cher-
ish sentiments the most friendly in favor of the liber-
ty and happiness of their fellow-men on that side of
the Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers in
matters relating to themselves we
have never taken any part, nor
does it comport with our policy to
do so. It is only when our rights
are invaded or seriously menaced
that we resent injuries or make
preparation for our defense. With
the movements in this hemi-
sphere we are of necessity more
immediately connected, and by
causes which must be obvious to
all enlightened and impartial
observers. The political system of
the allied powers is essentially
different in this respect from that
of America. This difference pro-
ceeds from that which exists in
their respective Governments; and to the defense of
our own, which has been achieved by the loss of so
much blood and treasure, and matured by the wis-
dom of their most enlightened citizens, and under
which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this
whole nation is devoted. We owe it, therefore, to can-
dor and to the amicable relations existing between
the United States and those powers to declare that
we should consider any attempt on their part to
extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere
as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the exist-
ing colonies or dependencies of any European power
we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But
with the Governments who have declared their inde-
pendence and maintain it, and whose independence
we have, on great consideration and on just princi-
ples, acknowledged, we could not view any interposi-
tion for the purpose of oppressing them, or control-
ling in any other manner their destiny, by any Euro-
pean power in any other light than as the manifesta-
tion of an unfriendly disposition toward the United
States. In the war between those new Governments
and Spain we declared our neutrality at the time of
their recognition, and to this we have adhered, and
shall continue to adhere, provided no change shall
occur which, in the judgement of the competent
authorities of this Government, shall make a corre-
sponding change on the part of the United States
indispensable to their security.
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Monroe Doctrine 509
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The late events in Spain and Portugal show that
Europe is still unsettled. Of this important fact no
stronger proof can be adduced than that the allied
powers should have thought it proper, on any princi-
ple satisfactory to themselves, to have interposed by
force in the internal concerns of Spain. To what
extent such interposition may be carried, on the same
principle, is a question in which all independent pow-
ers whose governments differ from theirs are interest-
ed, even those most remote, and surely none of them
more so than the United States. Our policy in regard
to Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the
wars which have so long agitated that quarter of the
globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is, not to
interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers;
to consider the government de facto as the legitimate
government for us; to cultivate friendly relations with
it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and
manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims
of every power, submitting to injuries from none. But
in regard to those continents circumstances are emi-
nently and conspicuously different.
It is impossible that the allied powers should
extend their political system to any portion of either
continent without endangering our peace and happi-
ness; nor can anyone believe that our southern
brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their
own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that
we should behold such interposition in any form
with indifference. If we look to the comparative
strength and resources of Spain and those new Gov-
ernments, and their distance from each other, it
must be obvious that she can never subdue them. It
is still the true policy of the United States to leave
the parties to themselves, in hope that other powers
will pursue the same course….
Milestones – Vol. 1 3/21/08 6:54 PM Page 509
**## JamesMadison.pdf**
199
James Madison Asks Congress to Support
Internal Improvements, 1815
After the War of 1812, Americans looked to strengthen their nation through government spending
on infrastructure, or what were then called internal improvements. In his seventh annual address to
congress, Madison called for public investment to create national roads, canals, and even a national
seminary. He also called for a tariff, or tax on certain imports, designed to make foreign goods more
expensive, giving American producers an advantage in domestic markets.
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:
…Notwithstanding the security for future repose which the United States ought to
find in their love of peace and their constant respect for the rights of other nations,
the character of the times particularly inculcates the lesson that, whether to prevent
or repel danger, we ought not to be unprepared for it. This consideration will
sufficiently recommend to Congress a liberal provision for the immediate extension
and gradual completion of the works of defense, both fixed and floating, on our
maritime frontier, and an adequate provision for guarding our inland frontier against
dangers to which certain portions of it may continue to be exposed…
In adjusting the duties on imports to the object of revenue the influence of the tariff
on manufactures will necessarily present itself for consideration. However wise the
theory may be which leaves to the sagacity and interest of individuals the application
of their industry and resources, there are in this as in other cases exceptions to the
general rule. Besides the condition which the theory itself implies of a reciprocal
adoption by other nations, experience teaches that so many circumstances must
concur in introducing and maturing manufacturing establishments, especially of the
more complicated kinds, that a country may remain long without them, although
sufficiently advanced and in some respects even peculiarly fitted for carrying them
on with success. Under circumstances giving a powerful impulse to manufacturing
industry it has made among us a progress and exhibited an efficiency which justify
the belief that with a protection not more than is due to the enterprising citizens
whose interests are now at stake it will become at an early day not only safe against
occasional competitions from abroad, but a source of domestic wealth and even of
external commerce. In selecting the branches more especially entitled to the public
patronage a preference is obviously claimed by such as will relieve the United States
from a dependence on foreign supplies ever subject to casual failures, for articles
necessary for the public defense or connected with the primary wants of individuals.
It will be an additional recommendation of particular manufactures where the
materials for them are extensively drawn from our agriculture, and consequently
200
impart and insure to that great fund of national prosperity and independence an
encouragement which can not fail to be rewarded.
Among the means of advancing the public interest the occasion is a proper one for
recalling the attention of Congress to the great importance of establishing
throughout our country the roads and canals which can best be executed under the
national authority. No objects within the circle of political economy so richly repay
the expense bestowed on them; there are none the utility of which is more
universally ascertained and acknowledged; none that do more honor to the
governments whose wise and enlarged patriotism duly appreciates them. Nor is
there any country which presents a field where nature invites more the art of man to
complete her own work for his accommodation and benefit. These considerations
are strengthened, moreover, by the political effect of these facilities for
intercommunication in bringing and binding more closely together the various parts
of our extended confederacy. Whilst the States individually, with a laudable
enterprise and emulation, avail themselves of their local advantages by new roads, by
navigable canals, and by improving the streams susceptible of navigation, the
General Government is the more urged to similar undertakings, requiring a national
jurisdiction and national means, by the prospect of thus systematically completing so
inestimable a work; and it is a happy reflection that any defect of constitutional
authority which may be encountered can be supplied in a mode which the
Constitution itself has providently pointed out.
The present is a favorable season also for bringing again into view the establishment
of a national seminary of learning within the District of Columbia, and with means
drawn from the property therein, subject to the authority of the General
Government. Such an institution claims the patronage of Congress as a monument
of their solicitude for the advancement of knowledge, without which the blessings
of liberty can not be fully enjoyed or long preserved; as a model instructive in the
formation of other seminaries; as a nursery of enlightened preceptors, and as a
central resort of youth and genius from every part of their country, diffusing on
their return examples of those national feelings, those liberal sentiments, and those
congenial manners which contribute cement to our Union and strength to the great
political fabric of which that is the foundation….
It remains for the guardians of the public welfare to persevere in that justice and
good will toward other nations which invite a return of these sentiments toward the
United States; to cherish institutions which guarantee their safety and their liberties,
civil and religious; and to combine with a liberal system of foreign commerce an
improvement of the national advantages and a protection and extension of the
independent resources of our highly favored and happy country.
201
The Speeches, Addresses, and Messages of the Several Presidents of the United States…
(Philadelphia: 1825), 330-335.
Available through the Internet Archive
**## MissoruiCompromise-1.pdf**
Missouri Compromise 497
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Document Text
Missouri Compromise
An Act to authorize the people
of the Missouri territory to form a
constitution and state government,
and for the admission of such state
into the Union on an equal footing
with the original states, and to pro-
hibit slavery in certain territories.
Be it enacted by the Senate and
House of Representatives of the
United States of America, in Con-
gress assembled, That the inhabi-
tants of that portion of the Mis-
souri territory included within the
boundaries herein after designat-
ed, be, and they are hereby,
authorized to form for themselves a constitution and
state government, and to assume such name as they
shall deem proper; and the said state, when formed,
shall be admitted into the Union, upon an equal foot-
ing with the original states, in all respects whatsoever.
SEC.2. And be it further enacted, That the said
state shall consist of all the territory included within
the following boundaries, to wit: Beginning in the
middle of the Mississippi river, on the parallel of thir-
ty-six degrees of north latitude; thence west, along
that parallel of latitude, to the St. Francois river;
thence up, and following the course of that river, in
the middle of the main channel thereof, to the paral-
lel of latitude of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes;
thence west, along the same, to a point where the
said parallel is intersected by a meridian line passing
through the middle of the mouth of the Kansas river,
where the same empties into the Missouri river,
thence, from the point aforesaid north, along the
said meridian line, to the intersection of the parallel
of latitude which passes through the rapids of the
river Des Moines, making the said line to correspond
with the Indian boundary line; thence east, from the
point of intersection last aforesaid, along the said
parallel of latitude, to the middle of the channel of
the main fork of the said river Des Moines; thence
down arid along the middle of the main channel of
the said river Des Moines, to the mouth of the same,
where it empties into the Mississippi river; thence,
due east, to the middle of the main channel of the
Mississippi river; thence down, and following the
course of the Mississippi river, in
the middle of the main channel
thereof, to the place of beginning:
Provided, The said state shall rat-
ify the boundaries aforesaid. And
provided also, That the said state
shall have concurrent jurisdiction
on the river Mississippi, and
every other river bordering on the
said state so far as the said rivers
shall form a common boundary to
the said state; and any other state
or states, now or hereafter to be
formed and bounded by the
same, such rivers to be common
to both; and that the river Mississippi, and the navi-
gable rivers and waters leading into the same, shall
be common highways, and for ever free, as well to
the inhabitants of the said state as to other citizens
of the United States, without any tax, duty impost, or
toll, therefor, imposed by the said state.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That all free
white male citizens of the United States, who shall
have arrived at the age of twenty-one years, and have
resided in said territory: three months previous to the
day of election, and all other persons qualified to vote
for representatives to the general assembly of the said
territory, shall be qualified to be elected and they are
hereby qualified and authorized to vote, and choose
representatives to form a convention, who shall be
apportioned amongst the several counties as follows:
From the county of Howard, five representa-
tives. From the county of Cooper, three representa-
tives. From the county of Montgomery, two repre-
sentatives. From the county of Pike, one represen-
tative. From the county of Lincoln, one representa-
tive. From the county of St. Charles, three repre-
sentatives. From the county of Franklin, one repre-
sentative. From the county of St. Louis, eight rep-
resentatives. From the county of Jefferson, one rep-
resentative. From the county of Washington, three
representatives. From the county of St. Genevieve,
four representatives. From the county of Madison,
one representative. From the county of Cape
Girardeau, five representatives. From the county of
New Madrid, two representatives. From the county of
Milestones – Vol. 1 3/21/08 6:54 PM Page 497
498 Milestone Documents in American History
Document Text
Wayne, and that portion of the county of Lawrence
which falls within the boundaries herein designated,
one representative.
And the election for the representatives aforesaid
shall be holden on the first Monday, and two succeed-
ing days of May next, throughout the several counties
aforesaid in the said territory, and shall be, in every
respect, held and conducted in the same manner, and
under the same regulations as is prescribed by the
laws of the said territory regulating elections therein
for members of the general assembly, except that the
returns of the election in that portion of Lawrence
county included in the boundaries aforesaid, shall be
made to the county of Wayne, as is provided in other
cases under the laws of said territory.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the
members of the convention thus duly elected, shall
be, and they are hereby authorized to meet at the
seat of government of said territory on the second
Monday of the month of June next; and the said
convention, when so assembled, shall have power
and authority to adjourn to any other place in the
said territory, which to them shall seem best for the
convenient transaction of their business; and which
convention, when so met, shall first determine by a
majority of the whole number elected, whether it
be, or be not, expedient at that time to form a con-
stitution and state government for the people with-
in the said territory, as included within the bound-
aries above designated; and if it be deemed expedi-
ent, the convention shall be, and hereby is, author-
ized to form a constitution and state government;
or, if it be deemed more expedient, the said conven-
tion shall provide by ordinance for electing repre-
sentatives to form a constitution or frame of gov-
ernment; which said representatives shall be cho-
sen in such manner, and in such proportion as they
shall designate; and shall meet at such time and
place as shall be prescribed by the said ordinance;
and shall then form for the people of said territory,
within the boundaries aforesaid, a constitution and
state government: Provided, That the same, when-
ever formed, shall be republican, and not repugnant
to the constitution of the United States; and that
the legislature of said state shall never interfere
with the primary disposal of the soil by the United
States, nor with any regulations Congress may find
necessary for securing the title in such soil to the
bona fide purchasers; and that no tax shall be
imposed on lands the property of the United States;
and in no case shall non-resident proprietors be
taxed higher than residents.
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That until the
next general census shall be taken, the said state
shall be entitled to one representative in the House
of Representatives of the United States.
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the fol-
lowing propositions be, and the same are hereby,
offered to the convention of the said territory of Mis-
souri, when formed, for their free acceptance or
rejection, which, if accepted by the convention, shall
be obligatory upon the United States:
First. That section numbered sixteen in every
township, and when such section has been sold, or
otherwise disposed of, other lands equivalent there-
to, and as contiguous as may be, shall be granted to
the state for the use of the inhabitants of such town-
ship, for the use of schools.
Second. That all salt springs, not exceeding twelve
in number, with six sections of land adjoining to each,
shall be granted to the said state for the use of said
state, the same to be selected by the legislature of the
said state, on or before the first day of January, in the
year one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five;
and the same, when so selected, to be used under
such terms, conditions, and regulations, as the legis-
lature of said state shall direct: Provided, That no salt
spring, the right whereof now is, or hereafter shall be,
confirmed or adjudged to any individual or individu-
als, shall, by this section, be granted to the said state:
And provided also, That the legislature shall never sell
or lease the same, at anyone time, for a longer period
than ten years, without the consent of Congress.
Third. That five per cent. of the net proceeds of
the sale of lands lying within the said territory or
state, and which shall be sold by Congress, from and
after the first day of January next, after deducting all
expenses incident to the same, shall be reserved for
making public roads and canals, of which three
fifths shall be applied to those objects within the
state, under the direction of the legislature thereof;
and the other two fifths in defraying, under the
direction of Congress, the expenses to be incurred
in making of a road or roads, canal or canals, lead-
ing to the said state.
Fourth. That four entire sections of land be, and
the same are hereby, granted to the said state, for the
purpose of fixing their seat of government thereon;
which said sections shall, under the direction of the
legislature of said state, be located, as near as may
be, in one body, at any time, in such townships and
ranges as the legislature aforesaid may select, on any
of the public lands of the United States: Provided,
That such locations shall be made prior to the pub-
Milestones – Vol. 1 3/21/08 6:54 PM Page 498
Missouri Compromise 499
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Document Text
lic sale of the lands of the United States surrounding
such location.
Fifth. That thirty-six sections, or one entire
township, which shall be designated by the Presi-
dent of the United States, together with the other
lands heretofore reserved for that purpose, shall be
reserved for the use of a seminary of learning, and
vested in the legislature of said state, to be appro-
priated solely to the use of such seminary by the
said legislature: Provided, That the five foregoing
propositions herein offered, are on the condition
that the convention of the said state shall provide,
by an ordinance, irrevocable without the consent or
the United States, that every and each tract of land
sold by the United States, from and after the firsl
day of January next, shall remain exempt from any
tax laid by order or under the authority of the state,
whether for state, county, or township, or any other
purpose whatever, for the term of five years from
and after the day of sale; And further, That the
bounty lands granted, or hereafter to be granted,
for military services during the late war, shall, while
they continue to be held by the patentees, or their
heirs remain exempt as aforesaid from taxation for
the term of three year; from and after the date of
the patents respectively.
SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That in case a
constitution and state government shall be formed for
the people of the said territory of Missouri, the said
convention or representatives, as soon thereafter as
may be, shall cause a true and attested copy of such
constitution or frame of state government, as shall be
formed or provided, to be transmitted to Congress.
SEC. 8. And be it further enacted. That in all that
territory ceded by France to the United States, under
the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six
degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not
included within the limits of the state, contemplated
by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, other-
wise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the
parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and
is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That
any person escaping into the same, from whom
labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or
territory of the United States, such fugitive may be
lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claim-
ing his or her labour or service as aforesaid.
APPROVED, March 6, 1820.
Milestones – Vol. 1 3/21/08 6:54 PM Page 499
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**## MonroeDoctrine.pdf**
508 Milestone Documents in American History
Document Text
Monroe Doctrine
Note: The Monroe Doctrine
was expressed during President
Monroe’s seventh annual message
to Congress, December 2, 1823:
… At the proposal of the Russ-
ian Imperial Government, made
through the minister of the
Emperor residing here, a full
power and instructions have been
transmitted to the minister of the
United States at St. Petersburg to
arrange by amicable negotiation
the respective rights and interests
of the two nations on the north-
west coast of this continent. A
similar proposal has been made by
His Imperial Majesty to the Gov-
ernment of Great Britain, which has likewise been
acceded to. The Government of the United States has
been desirous by this friendly proceeding of manifest-
ing the great value which they have invariably
attached to the friendship of the Emperor and their
solicitude to cultivate the best understanding with his
Government. In the discussions to which this interest
has given rise and in the arrangements by which they
may terminate the occasion has been judged proper
for asserting, as a principle in which the rights and
interests of the United States are involved, that the
American continents, by the free and independent
condition which they have assumed and maintain, are
henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future
colonization by any European powers….
It was stated at the commencement of the last
session that a great effort was then making in Spain
and Portugal to improve the condition of the people
of those countries, and that it appeared to be con-
ducted with extraordinary moderation. It need
scarcely be remarked that the results have been so
far very different from what was then anticipated. Of
events in that quarter of the globe, with which we
have so much intercourse and from which we derive
our origin, we have always been anxious and interest-
ed spectators. The citizens of the United States cher-
ish sentiments the most friendly in favor of the liber-
ty and happiness of their fellow-men on that side of
the Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers in
matters relating to themselves we
have never taken any part, nor
does it comport with our policy to
do so. It is only when our rights
are invaded or seriously menaced
that we resent injuries or make
preparation for our defense. With
the movements in this hemi-
sphere we are of necessity more
immediately connected, and by
causes which must be obvious to
all enlightened and impartial
observers. The political system of
the allied powers is essentially
different in this respect from that
of America. This difference pro-
ceeds from that which exists in
their respective Governments; and to the defense of
our own, which has been achieved by the loss of so
much blood and treasure, and matured by the wis-
dom of their most enlightened citizens, and under
which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this
whole nation is devoted. We owe it, therefore, to can-
dor and to the amicable relations existing between
the United States and those powers to declare that
we should consider any attempt on their part to
extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere
as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the exist-
ing colonies or dependencies of any European power
we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But
with the Governments who have declared their inde-
pendence and maintain it, and whose independence
we have, on great consideration and on just princi-
ples, acknowledged, we could not view any interposi-
tion for the purpose of oppressing them, or control-
ling in any other manner their destiny, by any Euro-
pean power in any other light than as the manifesta-
tion of an unfriendly disposition toward the United
States. In the war between those new Governments
and Spain we declared our neutrality at the time of
their recognition, and to this we have adhered, and
shall continue to adhere, provided no change shall
occur which, in the judgement of the competent
authorities of this Government, shall make a corre-
sponding change on the part of the United States
indispensable to their security.
Milestones – Vol. 1 3/21/08 6:54 PM Page 508
Monroe Doctrine 509
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The late events in Spain and Portugal show that
Europe is still unsettled. Of this important fact no
stronger proof can be adduced than that the allied
powers should have thought it proper, on any princi-
ple satisfactory to themselves, to have interposed by
force in the internal concerns of Spain. To what
extent such interposition may be carried, on the same
principle, is a question in which all independent pow-
ers whose governments differ from theirs are interest-
ed, even those most remote, and surely none of them
more so than the United States. Our policy in regard
to Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the
wars which have so long agitated that quarter of the
globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is, not to
interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers;
to consider the government de facto as the legitimate
government for us; to cultivate friendly relations with
it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and
manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims
of every power, submitting to injuries from none. But
in regard to those continents circumstances are emi-
nently and conspicuously different.
It is impossible that the allied powers should
extend their political system to any portion of either
continent without endangering our peace and happi-
ness; nor can anyone believe that our southern
brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their
own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that
we should behold such interposition in any form
with indifference. If we look to the comparative
strength and resources of Spain and those new Gov-
ernments, and their distance from each other, it
must be obvious that she can never subdue them. It
is still the true policy of the United States to leave
the parties to themselves, in hope that other powers
will pursue the same course….
Milestones – Vol. 1 3/21/08 6:54 PM Page 509
**## JamesMadison.pdf**
199
James Madison Asks Congress to Support
Internal Improvements, 1815
After the War of 1812, Americans looked to strengthen their nation through government spending
on infrastructure, or what were then called internal improvements. In his seventh annual address to
congress, Madison called for public investment to create national roads, canals, and even a national
seminary. He also called for a tariff, or tax on certain imports, designed to make foreign goods more
expensive, giving American producers an advantage in domestic markets.
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:
…Notwithstanding the security for future repose which the United States ought to
find in their love of peace and their constant respect for the rights of other nations,
the character of the times particularly inculcates the lesson that, whether to prevent
or repel danger, we ought not to be unprepared for it. This consideration will
sufficiently recommend to Congress a liberal provision for the immediate extension
and gradual completion of the works of defense, both fixed and floating, on our
maritime frontier, and an adequate provision for guarding our inland frontier against
dangers to which certain portions of it may continue to be exposed…
In adjusting the duties on imports to the object of revenue the influence of the tariff
on manufactures will necessarily present itself for consideration. However wise the
theory may be which leaves to the sagacity and interest of individuals the application
of their industry and resources, there are in this as in other cases exceptions to the
general rule. Besides the condition which the theory itself implies of a reciprocal
adoption by other nations, experience teaches that so many circumstances must
concur in introducing and maturing manufacturing establishments, especially of the
more complicated kinds, that a country may remain long without them, although
sufficiently advanced and in some respects even peculiarly fitted for carrying them
on with success. Under circumstances giving a powerful impulse to manufacturing
industry it has made among us a progress and exhibited an efficiency which justify
the belief that with a protection not more than is due to the enterprising citizens
whose interests are now at stake it will become at an early day not only safe against
occasional competitions from abroad, but a source of domestic wealth and even of
external commerce. In selecting the branches more especially entitled to the public
patronage a preference is obviously claimed by such as will relieve the United States
from a dependence on foreign supplies ever subject to casual failures, for articles
necessary for the public defense or connected with the primary wants of individuals.
It will be an additional recommendation of particular manufactures where the
materials for them are extensively drawn from our agriculture, and consequently
200
impart and insure to that great fund of national prosperity and independence an
encouragement which can not fail to be rewarded.
Among the means of advancing the public interest the occasion is a proper one for
recalling the attention of Congress to the great importance of establishing
throughout our country the roads and canals which can best be executed under the
national authority. No objects within the circle of political economy so richly repay
the expense bestowed on them; there are none the utility of which is more
universally ascertained and acknowledged; none that do more honor to the
governments whose wise and enlarged patriotism duly appreciates them. Nor is
there any country which presents a field where nature invites more the art of man to
complete her own work for his accommodation and benefit. These considerations
are strengthened, moreover, by the political effect of these facilities for
intercommunication in bringing and binding more closely together the various parts
of our extended confederacy. Whilst the States individually, with a laudable
enterprise and emulation, avail themselves of their local advantages by new roads, by
navigable canals, and by improving the streams susceptible of navigation, the
General Government is the more urged to similar undertakings, requiring a national
jurisdiction and national means, by the prospect of thus systematically completing so
inestimable a work; and it is a happy reflection that any defect of constitutional
authority which may be encountered can be supplied in a mode which the
Constitution itself has providently pointed out.
The present is a favorable season also for bringing again into view the establishment
of a national seminary of learning within the District of Columbia, and with means
drawn from the property therein, subject to the authority of the General
Government. Such an institution claims the patronage of Congress as a monument
of their solicitude for the advancement of knowledge, without which the blessings
of liberty can not be fully enjoyed or long preserved; as a model instructive in the
formation of other seminaries; as a nursery of enlightened preceptors, and as a
central resort of youth and genius from every part of their country, diffusing on
their return examples of those national feelings, those liberal sentiments, and those
congenial manners which contribute cement to our Union and strength to the great
political fabric of which that is the foundation….
It remains for the guardians of the public welfare to persevere in that justice and
good will toward other nations which invite a return of these sentiments toward the
United States; to cherish institutions which guarantee their safety and their liberties,
civil and religious; and to combine with a liberal system of foreign commerce an
improvement of the national advantages and a protection and extension of the
independent resources of our highly favored and happy country.
201
The Speeches, Addresses, and Messages of the Several Presidents of the United States…
(Philadelphia: 1825), 330-335.
Available through the Internet Archive
**## MissoruiCompromise-1.pdf**
Missouri Compromise 497
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Missouri Compromise
An Act to authorize the people
of the Missouri territory to form a
constitution and state government,
and for the admission of such state
into the Union on an equal footing
with the original states, and to pro-
hibit slavery in certain territories.
Be it enacted by the Senate and
House of Representatives of the
United States of America, in Con-
gress assembled, That the inhabi-
tants of that portion of the Mis-
souri territory included within the
boundaries herein after designat-
ed, be, and they are hereby,
authorized to form for themselves a constitution and
state government, and to assume such name as they
shall deem proper; and the said state, when formed,
shall be admitted into the Union, upon an equal foot-
ing with the original states, in all respects whatsoever.
SEC.2. And be it further enacted, That the said
state shall consist of all the territory included within
the following boundaries, to wit: Beginning in the
middle of the Mississippi river, on the parallel of thir-
ty-six degrees of north latitude; thence west, along
that parallel of latitude, to the St. Francois river;
thence up, and following the course of that river, in
the middle of the main channel thereof, to the paral-
lel of latitude of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes;
thence west, along the same, to a point where the
said parallel is intersected by a meridian line passing
through the middle of the mouth of the Kansas river,
where the same empties into the Missouri river,
thence, from the point aforesaid north, along the
said meridian line, to the intersection of the parallel
of latitude which passes through the rapids of the
river Des Moines, making the said line to correspond
with the Indian boundary line; thence east, from the
point of intersection last aforesaid, along the said
parallel of latitude, to the middle of the channel of
the main fork of the said river Des Moines; thence
down arid along the middle of the main channel of
the said river Des Moines, to the mouth of the same,
where it empties into the Mississippi river; thence,
due east, to the middle of the main channel of the
Mississippi river; thence down, and following the
course of the Mississippi river, in
the middle of the main channel
thereof, to the place of beginning:
Provided, The said state shall rat-
ify the boundaries aforesaid. And
provided also, That the said state
shall have concurrent jurisdiction
on the river Mississippi, and
every other river bordering on the
said state so far as the said rivers
shall form a common boundary to
the said state; and any other state
or states, now or hereafter to be
formed and bounded by the
same, such rivers to be common
to both; and that the river Mississippi, and the navi-
gable rivers and waters leading into the same, shall
be common highways, and for ever free, as well to
the inhabitants of the said state as to other citizens
of the United States, without any tax, duty impost, or
toll, therefor, imposed by the said state.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That all free
white male citizens of the United States, who shall
have arrived at the age of twenty-one years, and have
resided in said territory: three months previous to the
day of election, and all other persons qualified to vote
for representatives to the general assembly of the said
territory, shall be qualified to be elected and they are
hereby qualified and authorized to vote, and choose
representatives to form a convention, who shall be
apportioned amongst the several counties as follows:
From the county of Howard, five representa-
tives. From the county of Cooper, three representa-
tives. From the county of Montgomery, two repre-
sentatives. From the county of Pike, one represen-
tative. From the county of Lincoln, one representa-
tive. From the county of St. Charles, three repre-
sentatives. From the county of Franklin, one repre-
sentative. From the county of St. Louis, eight rep-
resentatives. From the county of Jefferson, one rep-
resentative. From the county of Washington, three
representatives. From the county of St. Genevieve,
four representatives. From the county of Madison,
one representative. From the county of Cape
Girardeau, five representatives. From the county of
New Madrid, two representatives. From the county of
Milestones – Vol. 1 3/21/08 6:54 PM Page 497
498 Milestone Documents in American History
Document Text
Wayne, and that portion of the county of Lawrence
which falls within the boundaries herein designated,
one representative.
And the election for the representatives aforesaid
shall be holden on the first Monday, and two succeed-
ing days of May next, throughout the several counties
aforesaid in the said territory, and shall be, in every
respect, held and conducted in the same manner, and
under the same regulations as is prescribed by the
laws of the said territory regulating elections therein
for members of the general assembly, except that the
returns of the election in that portion of Lawrence
county included in the boundaries aforesaid, shall be
made to the county of Wayne, as is provided in other
cases under the laws of said territory.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the
members of the convention thus duly elected, shall
be, and they are hereby authorized to meet at the
seat of government of said territory on the second
Monday of the month of June next; and the said
convention, when so assembled, shall have power
and authority to adjourn to any other place in the
said territory, which to them shall seem best for the
convenient transaction of their business; and which
convention, when so met, shall first determine by a
majority of the whole number elected, whether it
be, or be not, expedient at that time to form a con-
stitution and state government for the people with-
in the said territory, as included within the bound-
aries above designated; and if it be deemed expedi-
ent, the convention shall be, and hereby is, author-
ized to form a constitution and state government;
or, if it be deemed more expedient, the said conven-
tion shall provide by ordinance for electing repre-
sentatives to form a constitution or frame of gov-
ernment; which said representatives shall be cho-
sen in such manner, and in such proportion as they
shall designate; and shall meet at such time and
place as shall be prescribed by the said ordinance;
and shall then form for the people of said territory,
within the boundaries aforesaid, a constitution and
state government: Provided, That the same, when-
ever formed, shall be republican, and not repugnant
to the constitution of the United States; and that
the legislature of said state shall never interfere
with the primary disposal of the soil by the United
States, nor with any regulations Congress may find
necessary for securing the title in such soil to the
bona fide purchasers; and that no tax shall be
imposed on lands the property of the United States;
and in no case shall non-resident proprietors be
taxed higher than residents.
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That until the
next general census shall be taken, the said state
shall be entitled to one representative in the House
of Representatives of the United States.
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the fol-
lowing propositions be, and the same are hereby,
offered to the convention of the said territory of Mis-
souri, when formed, for their free acceptance or
rejection, which, if accepted by the convention, shall
be obligatory upon the United States:
First. That section numbered sixteen in every
township, and when such section has been sold, or
otherwise disposed of, other lands equivalent there-
to, and as contiguous as may be, shall be granted to
the state for the use of the inhabitants of such town-
ship, for the use of schools.
Second. That all salt springs, not exceeding twelve
in number, with six sections of land adjoining to each,
shall be granted to the said state for the use of said
state, the same to be selected by the legislature of the
said state, on or before the first day of January, in the
year one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five;
and the same, when so selected, to be used under
such terms, conditions, and regulations, as the legis-
lature of said state shall direct: Provided, That no salt
spring, the right whereof now is, or hereafter shall be,
confirmed or adjudged to any individual or individu-
als, shall, by this section, be granted to the said state:
And provided also, That the legislature shall never sell
or lease the same, at anyone time, for a longer period
than ten years, without the consent of Congress.
Third. That five per cent. of the net proceeds of
the sale of lands lying within the said territory or
state, and which shall be sold by Congress, from and
after the first day of January next, after deducting all
expenses incident to the same, shall be reserved for
making public roads and canals, of which three
fifths shall be applied to those objects within the
state, under the direction of the legislature thereof;
and the other two fifths in defraying, under the
direction of Congress, the expenses to be incurred
in making of a road or roads, canal or canals, lead-
ing to the said state.
Fourth. That four entire sections of land be, and
the same are hereby, granted to the said state, for the
purpose of fixing their seat of government thereon;
which said sections shall, under the direction of the
legislature of said state, be located, as near as may
be, in one body, at any time, in such townships and
ranges as the legislature aforesaid may select, on any
of the public lands of the United States: Provided,
That such locations shall be made prior to the pub-
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Missouri Compromise 499
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lic sale of the lands of the United States surrounding
such location.
Fifth. That thirty-six sections, or one entire
township, which shall be designated by the Presi-
dent of the United States, together with the other
lands heretofore reserved for that purpose, shall be
reserved for the use of a seminary of learning, and
vested in the legislature of said state, to be appro-
priated solely to the use of such seminary by the
said legislature: Provided, That the five foregoing
propositions herein offered, are on the condition
that the convention of the said state shall provide,
by an ordinance, irrevocable without the consent or
the United States, that every and each tract of land
sold by the United States, from and after the firsl
day of January next, shall remain exempt from any
tax laid by order or under the authority of the state,
whether for state, county, or township, or any other
purpose whatever, for the term of five years from
and after the day of sale; And further, That the
bounty lands granted, or hereafter to be granted,
for military services during the late war, shall, while
they continue to be held by the patentees, or their
heirs remain exempt as aforesaid from taxation for
the term of three year; from and after the date of
the patents respectively.
SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That in case a
constitution and state government shall be formed for
the people of the said territory of Missouri, the said
convention or representatives, as soon thereafter as
may be, shall cause a true and attested copy of such
constitution or frame of state government, as shall be
formed or provided, to be transmitted to Congress.
SEC. 8. And be it further enacted. That in all that
territory ceded by France to the United States, under
the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six
degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not
included within the limits of the state, contemplated
by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, other-
wise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the
parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and
is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That
any person escaping into the same, from whom
labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or
territory of the United States, such fugitive may be
lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claim-
ing his or her labour or service as aforesaid.
APPROVED, March 6, 1820.
Milestones – Vol. 1 3/21/08 6:54 PM Page 499
**09-GettingForward-GuidedReadingNotes.docx**
This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/09-gettingforward-guidedreadingnotes-docx)
**## MonroeDoctrine.pdf**
508 Milestone Documents in American History
Document Text
Monroe Doctrine
Note: The Monroe Doctrine
was expressed during President
Monroe’s seventh annual message
to Congress, December 2, 1823:
… At the proposal of the Russ-
ian Imperial Government, made
through the minister of the
Emperor residing here, a full
power and instructions have been
transmitted to the minister of the
United States at St. Petersburg to
arrange by amicable negotiation
the respective rights and interests
of the two nations on the north-
west coast of this continent. A
similar proposal has been made by
His Imperial Majesty to the Gov-
ernment of Great Britain, which has likewise been
acceded to. The Government of the United States has
been desirous by this friendly proceeding of manifest-
ing the great value which they have invariably
attached to the friendship of the Emperor and their
solicitude to cultivate the best understanding with his
Government. In the discussions to which this interest
has given rise and in the arrangements by which they
may terminate the occasion has been judged proper
for asserting, as a principle in which the rights and
interests of the United States are involved, that the
American continents, by the free and independent
condition which they have assumed and maintain, are
henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future
colonization by any European powers….
It was stated at the commencement of the last
session that a great effort was then making in Spain
and Portugal to improve the condition of the people
of those countries, and that it appeared to be con-
ducted with extraordinary moderation. It need
scarcely be remarked that the results have been so
far very different from what was then anticipated. Of
events in that quarter of the globe, with which we
have so much intercourse and from which we derive
our origin, we have always been anxious and interest-
ed spectators. The citizens of the United States cher-
ish sentiments the most friendly in favor of the liber-
ty and happiness of their fellow-men on that side of
the Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers in
matters relating to themselves we
have never taken any part, nor
does it comport with our policy to
do so. It is only when our rights
are invaded or seriously menaced
that we resent injuries or make
preparation for our defense. With
the movements in this hemi-
sphere we are of necessity more
immediately connected, and by
causes which must be obvious to
all enlightened and impartial
observers. The political system of
the allied powers is essentially
different in this respect from that
of America. This difference pro-
ceeds from that which exists in
their respective Governments; and to the defense of
our own, which has been achieved by the loss of so
much blood and treasure, and matured by the wis-
dom of their most enlightened citizens, and under
which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this
whole nation is devoted. We owe it, therefore, to can-
dor and to the amicable relations existing between
the United States and those powers to declare that
we should consider any attempt on their part to
extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere
as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the exist-
ing colonies or dependencies of any European power
we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But
with the Governments who have declared their inde-
pendence and maintain it, and whose independence
we have, on great consideration and on just princi-
ples, acknowledged, we could not view any interposi-
tion for the purpose of oppressing them, or control-
ling in any other manner their destiny, by any Euro-
pean power in any other light than as the manifesta-
tion of an unfriendly disposition toward the United
States. In the war between those new Governments
and Spain we declared our neutrality at the time of
their recognition, and to this we have adhered, and
shall continue to adhere, provided no change shall
occur which, in the judgement of the competent
authorities of this Government, shall make a corre-
sponding change on the part of the United States
indispensable to their security.
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Monroe Doctrine 509
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The late events in Spain and Portugal show that
Europe is still unsettled. Of this important fact no
stronger proof can be adduced than that the allied
powers should have thought it proper, on any princi-
ple satisfactory to themselves, to have interposed by
force in the internal concerns of Spain. To what
extent such interposition may be carried, on the same
principle, is a question in which all independent pow-
ers whose governments differ from theirs are interest-
ed, even those most remote, and surely none of them
more so than the United States. Our policy in regard
to Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the
wars which have so long agitated that quarter of the
globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is, not to
interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers;
to consider the government de facto as the legitimate
government for us; to cultivate friendly relations with
it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and
manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims
of every power, submitting to injuries from none. But
in regard to those continents circumstances are emi-
nently and conspicuously different.
It is impossible that the allied powers should
extend their political system to any portion of either
continent without endangering our peace and happi-
ness; nor can anyone believe that our southern
brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their
own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that
we should behold such interposition in any form
with indifference. If we look to the comparative
strength and resources of Spain and those new Gov-
ernments, and their distance from each other, it
must be obvious that she can never subdue them. It
is still the true policy of the United States to leave
the parties to themselves, in hope that other powers
will pursue the same course….
Milestones – Vol. 1 3/21/08 6:54 PM Page 509
**## JamesMadison.pdf**
199
James Madison Asks Congress to Support
Internal Improvements, 1815
After the War of 1812, Americans looked to strengthen their nation through government spending
on infrastructure, or what were then called internal improvements. In his seventh annual address to
congress, Madison called for public investment to create national roads, canals, and even a national
seminary. He also called for a tariff, or tax on certain imports, designed to make foreign goods more
expensive, giving American producers an advantage in domestic markets.
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:
…Notwithstanding the security for future repose which the United States ought to
find in their love of peace and their constant respect for the rights of other nations,
the character of the times particularly inculcates the lesson that, whether to prevent
or repel danger, we ought not to be unprepared for it. This consideration will
sufficiently recommend to Congress a liberal provision for the immediate extension
and gradual completion of the works of defense, both fixed and floating, on our
maritime frontier, and an adequate provision for guarding our inland frontier against
dangers to which certain portions of it may continue to be exposed…
In adjusting the duties on imports to the object of revenue the influence of the tariff
on manufactures will necessarily present itself for consideration. However wise the
theory may be which leaves to the sagacity and interest of individuals the application
of their industry and resources, there are in this as in other cases exceptions to the
general rule. Besides the condition which the theory itself implies of a reciprocal
adoption by other nations, experience teaches that so many circumstances must
concur in introducing and maturing manufacturing establishments, especially of the
more complicated kinds, that a country may remain long without them, although
sufficiently advanced and in some respects even peculiarly fitted for carrying them
on with success. Under circumstances giving a powerful impulse to manufacturing
industry it has made among us a progress and exhibited an efficiency which justify
the belief that with a protection not more than is due to the enterprising citizens
whose interests are now at stake it will become at an early day not only safe against
occasional competitions from abroad, but a source of domestic wealth and even of
external commerce. In selecting the branches more especially entitled to the public
patronage a preference is obviously claimed by such as will relieve the United States
from a dependence on foreign supplies ever subject to casual failures, for articles
necessary for the public defense or connected with the primary wants of individuals.
It will be an additional recommendation of particular manufactures where the
materials for them are extensively drawn from our agriculture, and consequently
200
impart and insure to that great fund of national prosperity and independence an
encouragement which can not fail to be rewarded.
Among the means of advancing the public interest the occasion is a proper one for
recalling the attention of Congress to the great importance of establishing
throughout our country the roads and canals which can best be executed under the
national authority. No objects within the circle of political economy so richly repay
the expense bestowed on them; there are none the utility of which is more
universally ascertained and acknowledged; none that do more honor to the
governments whose wise and enlarged patriotism duly appreciates them. Nor is
there any country which presents a field where nature invites more the art of man to
complete her own work for his accommodation and benefit. These considerations
are strengthened, moreover, by the political effect of these facilities for
intercommunication in bringing and binding more closely together the various parts
of our extended confederacy. Whilst the States individually, with a laudable
enterprise and emulation, avail themselves of their local advantages by new roads, by
navigable canals, and by improving the streams susceptible of navigation, the
General Government is the more urged to similar undertakings, requiring a national
jurisdiction and national means, by the prospect of thus systematically completing so
inestimable a work; and it is a happy reflection that any defect of constitutional
authority which may be encountered can be supplied in a mode which the
Constitution itself has providently pointed out.
The present is a favorable season also for bringing again into view the establishment
of a national seminary of learning within the District of Columbia, and with means
drawn from the property therein, subject to the authority of the General
Government. Such an institution claims the patronage of Congress as a monument
of their solicitude for the advancement of knowledge, without which the blessings
of liberty can not be fully enjoyed or long preserved; as a model instructive in the
formation of other seminaries; as a nursery of enlightened preceptors, and as a
central resort of youth and genius from every part of their country, diffusing on
their return examples of those national feelings, those liberal sentiments, and those
congenial manners which contribute cement to our Union and strength to the great
political fabric of which that is the foundation….
It remains for the guardians of the public welfare to persevere in that justice and
good will toward other nations which invite a return of these sentiments toward the
United States; to cherish institutions which guarantee their safety and their liberties,
civil and religious; and to combine with a liberal system of foreign commerce an
improvement of the national advantages and a protection and extension of the
independent resources of our highly favored and happy country.
201
The Speeches, Addresses, and Messages of the Several Presidents of the United States…
(Philadelphia: 1825), 330-335.
Available through the Internet Archive
**## MissoruiCompromise-1.pdf**
Missouri Compromise 497
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Document Text
Missouri Compromise
An Act to authorize the people
of the Missouri territory to form a
constitution and state government,
and for the admission of such state
into the Union on an equal footing
with the original states, and to pro-
hibit slavery in certain territories.
Be it enacted by the Senate and
House of Representatives of the
United States of America, in Con-
gress assembled, That the inhabi-
tants of that portion of the Mis-
souri territory included within the
boundaries herein after designat-
ed, be, and they are hereby,
authorized to form for themselves a constitution and
state government, and to assume such name as they
shall deem proper; and the said state, when formed,
shall be admitted into the Union, upon an equal foot-
ing with the original states, in all respects whatsoever.
SEC.2. And be it further enacted, That the said
state shall consist of all the territory included within
the following boundaries, to wit: Beginning in the
middle of the Mississippi river, on the parallel of thir-
ty-six degrees of north latitude; thence west, along
that parallel of latitude, to the St. Francois river;
thence up, and following the course of that river, in
the middle of the main channel thereof, to the paral-
lel of latitude of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes;
thence west, along the same, to a point where the
said parallel is intersected by a meridian line passing
through the middle of the mouth of the Kansas river,
where the same empties into the Missouri river,
thence, from the point aforesaid north, along the
said meridian line, to the intersection of the parallel
of latitude which passes through the rapids of the
river Des Moines, making the said line to correspond
with the Indian boundary line; thence east, from the
point of intersection last aforesaid, along the said
parallel of latitude, to the middle of the channel of
the main fork of the said river Des Moines; thence
down arid along the middle of the main channel of
the said river Des Moines, to the mouth of the same,
where it empties into the Mississippi river; thence,
due east, to the middle of the main channel of the
Mississippi river; thence down, and following the
course of the Mississippi river, in
the middle of the main channel
thereof, to the place of beginning:
Provided, The said state shall rat-
ify the boundaries aforesaid. And
provided also, That the said state
shall have concurrent jurisdiction
on the river Mississippi, and
every other river bordering on the
said state so far as the said rivers
shall form a common boundary to
the said state; and any other state
or states, now or hereafter to be
formed and bounded by the
same, such rivers to be common
to both; and that the river Mississippi, and the navi-
gable rivers and waters leading into the same, shall
be common highways, and for ever free, as well to
the inhabitants of the said state as to other citizens
of the United States, without any tax, duty impost, or
toll, therefor, imposed by the said state.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That all free
white male citizens of the United States, who shall
have arrived at the age of twenty-one years, and have
resided in said territory: three months previous to the
day of election, and all other persons qualified to vote
for representatives to the general assembly of the said
territory, shall be qualified to be elected and they are
hereby qualified and authorized to vote, and choose
representatives to form a convention, who shall be
apportioned amongst the several counties as follows:
From the county of Howard, five representa-
tives. From the county of Cooper, three representa-
tives. From the county of Montgomery, two repre-
sentatives. From the county of Pike, one represen-
tative. From the county of Lincoln, one representa-
tive. From the county of St. Charles, three repre-
sentatives. From the county of Franklin, one repre-
sentative. From the county of St. Louis, eight rep-
resentatives. From the county of Jefferson, one rep-
resentative. From the county of Washington, three
representatives. From the county of St. Genevieve,
four representatives. From the county of Madison,
one representative. From the county of Cape
Girardeau, five representatives. From the county of
New Madrid, two representatives. From the county of
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498 Milestone Documents in American History
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Wayne, and that portion of the county of Lawrence
which falls within the boundaries herein designated,
one representative.
And the election for the representatives aforesaid
shall be holden on the first Monday, and two succeed-
ing days of May next, throughout the several counties
aforesaid in the said territory, and shall be, in every
respect, held and conducted in the same manner, and
under the same regulations as is prescribed by the
laws of the said territory regulating elections therein
for members of the general assembly, except that the
returns of the election in that portion of Lawrence
county included in the boundaries aforesaid, shall be
made to the county of Wayne, as is provided in other
cases under the laws of said territory.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the
members of the convention thus duly elected, shall
be, and they are hereby authorized to meet at the
seat of government of said territory on the second
Monday of the month of June next; and the said
convention, when so assembled, shall have power
and authority to adjourn to any other place in the
said territory, which to them shall seem best for the
convenient transaction of their business; and which
convention, when so met, shall first determine by a
majority of the whole number elected, whether it
be, or be not, expedient at that time to form a con-
stitution and state government for the people with-
in the said territory, as included within the bound-
aries above designated; and if it be deemed expedi-
ent, the convention shall be, and hereby is, author-
ized to form a constitution and state government;
or, if it be deemed more expedient, the said conven-
tion shall provide by ordinance for electing repre-
sentatives to form a constitution or frame of gov-
ernment; which said representatives shall be cho-
sen in such manner, and in such proportion as they
shall designate; and shall meet at such time and
place as shall be prescribed by the said ordinance;
and shall then form for the people of said territory,
within the boundaries aforesaid, a constitution and
state government: Provided, That the same, when-
ever formed, shall be republican, and not repugnant
to the constitution of the United States; and that
the legislature of said state shall never interfere
with the primary disposal of the soil by the United
States, nor with any regulations Congress may find
necessary for securing the title in such soil to the
bona fide purchasers; and that no tax shall be
imposed on lands the property of the United States;
and in no case shall non-resident proprietors be
taxed higher than residents.
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That until the
next general census shall be taken, the said state
shall be entitled to one representative in the House
of Representatives of the United States.
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the fol-
lowing propositions be, and the same are hereby,
offered to the convention of the said territory of Mis-
souri, when formed, for their free acceptance or
rejection, which, if accepted by the convention, shall
be obligatory upon the United States:
First. That section numbered sixteen in every
township, and when such section has been sold, or
otherwise disposed of, other lands equivalent there-
to, and as contiguous as may be, shall be granted to
the state for the use of the inhabitants of such town-
ship, for the use of schools.
Second. That all salt springs, not exceeding twelve
in number, with six sections of land adjoining to each,
shall be granted to the said state for the use of said
state, the same to be selected by the legislature of the
said state, on or before the first day of January, in the
year one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five;
and the same, when so selected, to be used under
such terms, conditions, and regulations, as the legis-
lature of said state shall direct: Provided, That no salt
spring, the right whereof now is, or hereafter shall be,
confirmed or adjudged to any individual or individu-
als, shall, by this section, be granted to the said state:
And provided also, That the legislature shall never sell
or lease the same, at anyone time, for a longer period
than ten years, without the consent of Congress.
Third. That five per cent. of the net proceeds of
the sale of lands lying within the said territory or
state, and which shall be sold by Congress, from and
after the first day of January next, after deducting all
expenses incident to the same, shall be reserved for
making public roads and canals, of which three
fifths shall be applied to those objects within the
state, under the direction of the legislature thereof;
and the other two fifths in defraying, under the
direction of Congress, the expenses to be incurred
in making of a road or roads, canal or canals, lead-
ing to the said state.
Fourth. That four entire sections of land be, and
the same are hereby, granted to the said state, for the
purpose of fixing their seat of government thereon;
which said sections shall, under the direction of the
legislature of said state, be located, as near as may
be, in one body, at any time, in such townships and
ranges as the legislature aforesaid may select, on any
of the public lands of the United States: Provided,
That such locations shall be made prior to the pub-
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Missouri Compromise 499
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Document Text
lic sale of the lands of the United States surrounding
such location.
Fifth. That thirty-six sections, or one entire
township, which shall be designated by the Presi-
dent of the United States, together with the other
lands heretofore reserved for that purpose, shall be
reserved for the use of a seminary of learning, and
vested in the legislature of said state, to be appro-
priated solely to the use of such seminary by the
said legislature: Provided, That the five foregoing
propositions herein offered, are on the condition
that the convention of the said state shall provide,
by an ordinance, irrevocable without the consent or
the United States, that every and each tract of land
sold by the United States, from and after the firsl
day of January next, shall remain exempt from any
tax laid by order or under the authority of the state,
whether for state, county, or township, or any other
purpose whatever, for the term of five years from
and after the day of sale; And further, That the
bounty lands granted, or hereafter to be granted,
for military services during the late war, shall, while
they continue to be held by the patentees, or their
heirs remain exempt as aforesaid from taxation for
the term of three year; from and after the date of
the patents respectively.
SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That in case a
constitution and state government shall be formed for
the people of the said territory of Missouri, the said
convention or representatives, as soon thereafter as
may be, shall cause a true and attested copy of such
constitution or frame of state government, as shall be
formed or provided, to be transmitted to Congress.
SEC. 8. And be it further enacted. That in all that
territory ceded by France to the United States, under
the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six
degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not
included within the limits of the state, contemplated
by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, other-
wise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the
parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and
is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That
any person escaping into the same, from whom
labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or
territory of the United States, such fugitive may be
lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claim-
ing his or her labour or service as aforesaid.
APPROVED, March 6, 1820.
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