[Solved] Education Consensus Roading Map Assignment

Assignment Prompt & Instructions

– 2 years ago

**files (2)**

– ## CensusAssignment.docx

– ## EthiccDilemna.pdf

**## CensusAssignment.docx**

You will complete this assignment as if you have been asked to provide an engaging and informative help resource for new administrators that addresses the following topics:

1. How to navigate the needs and expectations of differing stakeholders: recognize and strategize for a win-win every time

2. Conflicting values and principles of different groups: what to look for, how to empathize, and adjusting your approach

3. Ethical dilemmas: what to expect, what to do, and what not to do

Each point should receive a response between 300-400 words and should be informed by the textbook which I attached a portion of it and two other references.

**## EthiccDilemna.pdf**

2089255 – Taylor and Francis ©

This was initially limited to a small segment of U.S. population who were chronically ill due to
kidney failure and were on hemodialysis.

Shifting Donor Ethics
Every donor determination of brain death needs to be assessed by a different team not
involved in the care of the patient.
As the demand for donor organs has increased, the profile of the cadaveric donor has
changed over time. Early donors were young individuals usually involved in vehicular motor
accidents or the victims of trauma. Recently, the profile of the cadaveric donor has shifted to
the older donor whose death is more likely secondary to cerebral vascular accident or of
cardiac origin. This distinction is essential in the context of organ distribution as the outcome
of organ transplantation from the older donor is less ideal than the result from the younger
donor.

United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) System
Because of the multiple problems that the United States face regarding organ transplants,
the UNOS made guidelines.
Donor family must be given adequate informed consent;
Be aware of the potential risk and understand this risk;
There is a system for the end stage of disease called the Mayo Model for End-Stage Liver
Disease (MELD) system.
For the distribution of organs, the petitioner is assigned points based on objective promises
that taken together dictate their chance of dying without transplantation.
The altruistic method is in place and continues to be the driving force in United States.
Organ distribution would be to assign a place in line to the most gravely ill patients. This
method of delivery underlies the use of the MELD system for liver distribution.

Supply Demands
Supply and demand correlate economics with payment for transplantation. Organ availability
is limited.
One argument against the buying and selling of organs is that this practice will undermine
the system that currently exists, which is based on altruism.
The commercialization of the organ is not ethical and not taken into consideration.
The change in demographics of the cadaveric donor population raised additional issues in
organ allocation. As older donors are accepted for transplantation, it has been established
that kidneys and livers fare less well than organs from younger donors.

Ethics Issues
Transplant Tourism

Transplant tourism was developed for organ selling. This brought about ethical issues related to
paying donors for their body parts.

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-3](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-3)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-4](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-4)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-5](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-5)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-6](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-6)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-7](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-7)

2089255 – Taylor and Francis ©

In certain countries, sometimes it’s been oversight and therefore led many patients the United
States to travel to other countries this country to receive an organ.

Remuneration
The U.S. law doesn’t allow the exchange of organ for remuneration.
The proposals of donor rumination is still in discussion.
Paying to eliminate the waiting list for organ transplantation will direct most of the
transplants to high society and middle class and will eliminate the lower class.

A weak or disadvantaged individual has the right to determine whether he/she exchanges a
kidney for money. Furthermore, it is argued that the paternalistic attitude that the poor should
not profit from the sale of their organs does not attempt to find other solutions for the economic
disparities which exist among different groups within societies.

Many U.S. physicians feel obligated to inform patients that a life-saving organ is more readily
available in another country through the existing program of allocation.

The UNOS Ethics Committee has issued the following statement regarding transplant tourism:

the Committee would be remiss in failing to observe that the practice of transplant tourism might
not exist but for the growing disparity between the demand for and supply of organs. It is the solemn
obligation of the transplant community, not only to publicly condemn the exploitative practices of
transplant tourism but to endorse ethically defensible policies, which will ultimately render such
exercise unnecessary.

Living Related
Allocation of organ is difficult and complex and raised many ethical issues.
Living related donors open different ethical issues.
Using a living related donor is becoming more common in organ transplants.
Usually, it is a relative donating to another relative.
In Germany and France altruistic donors are not used readily.
In Germany and France, donor recipients are required to prove a long-standing relationship
with their donors.

The increasing disparity between the waiting list for solid organs and the cadaveric organs
available has once again made live donors an increasingly important source of solid organs
in the United States. In 2002, the number of live donors for transplant exceeded the number
of cadaveric transplants done.

The U.S. UNOS guidelines dictates that the donor must be given adequate informed
consent with clearly articulated potential risks and must understand these risks and that
there is “donor benefit” in a donation. Presumably, this relates to psychological benefit
regarding improved self-esteem for being of help to another person.

Prisoners
Federal law prohibits the sale of organs in the United States. The U.S. prohibition of the sale
of organs dates to 1984. The World Health Organization issued a similar ban in 1994. The
lack of observance of these prohibitions in other countries has led to the widespread
commercialization of organs in those countries.

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-8](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-8)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-9](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-9)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-10](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-10)

2089255 – Taylor and Francis ©

The Chinese transplant community has used the organs from executed prisoners as a source
for transplantation; the government has stated that both the prisoners and their families
have given consent to organ donation, but the issue of the use of organs without permission,
the crimes for which execution is employed in China and the use of political prisoners for
organ donation have all been raised as questions in the lay press.
Recent events in China have opened the door for transplant tourism.
The Chinese transplantation committee uses organs from executed prisoners as a source of
transplantation.
The government has stated that both the prisoner and their family have given consent to
organ donation.
But without consent it is a crime and is being over overseen by the government.

Donor Strict Evaluation
A potential solution is a nonprofit entity or governmental agency to conduct evaluation of
donor requirements.
Psychological state.
The motivation of the donor needs to be addressed – sometimes the reasons are financial
and sometimes they can be pressure.

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-11](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-11)

**## EthiccDilemna.pdf**

2089255 – Taylor and Francis ©

This was initially limited to a small segment of U.S. population who were chronically ill due to
kidney failure and were on hemodialysis.

Shifting Donor Ethics
Every donor determination of brain death needs to be assessed by a different team not
involved in the care of the patient.
As the demand for donor organs has increased, the profile of the cadaveric donor has
changed over time. Early donors were young individuals usually involved in vehicular motor
accidents or the victims of trauma. Recently, the profile of the cadaveric donor has shifted to
the older donor whose death is more likely secondary to cerebral vascular accident or of
cardiac origin. This distinction is essential in the context of organ distribution as the outcome
of organ transplantation from the older donor is less ideal than the result from the younger
donor.

United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) System
Because of the multiple problems that the United States face regarding organ transplants,
the UNOS made guidelines.
Donor family must be given adequate informed consent;
Be aware of the potential risk and understand this risk;
There is a system for the end stage of disease called the Mayo Model for End-Stage Liver
Disease (MELD) system.
For the distribution of organs, the petitioner is assigned points based on objective promises
that taken together dictate their chance of dying without transplantation.
The altruistic method is in place and continues to be the driving force in United States.
Organ distribution would be to assign a place in line to the most gravely ill patients. This
method of delivery underlies the use of the MELD system for liver distribution.

Supply Demands
Supply and demand correlate economics with payment for transplantation. Organ availability
is limited.
One argument against the buying and selling of organs is that this practice will undermine
the system that currently exists, which is based on altruism.
The commercialization of the organ is not ethical and not taken into consideration.
The change in demographics of the cadaveric donor population raised additional issues in
organ allocation. As older donors are accepted for transplantation, it has been established
that kidneys and livers fare less well than organs from younger donors.

Ethics Issues
Transplant Tourism

Transplant tourism was developed for organ selling. This brought about ethical issues related to
paying donors for their body parts.

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-3](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-3)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-4](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-4)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-5](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-5)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-6](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-6)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-7](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-7)

2089255 – Taylor and Francis ©

In certain countries, sometimes it’s been oversight and therefore led many patients the United
States to travel to other countries this country to receive an organ.

Remuneration
The U.S. law doesn’t allow the exchange of organ for remuneration.
The proposals of donor rumination is still in discussion.
Paying to eliminate the waiting list for organ transplantation will direct most of the
transplants to high society and middle class and will eliminate the lower class.

A weak or disadvantaged individual has the right to determine whether he/she exchanges a
kidney for money. Furthermore, it is argued that the paternalistic attitude that the poor should
not profit from the sale of their organs does not attempt to find other solutions for the economic
disparities which exist among different groups within societies.

Many U.S. physicians feel obligated to inform patients that a life-saving organ is more readily
available in another country through the existing program of allocation.

The UNOS Ethics Committee has issued the following statement regarding transplant tourism:

the Committee would be remiss in failing to observe that the practice of transplant tourism might
not exist but for the growing disparity between the demand for and supply of organs. It is the solemn
obligation of the transplant community, not only to publicly condemn the exploitative practices of
transplant tourism but to endorse ethically defensible policies, which will ultimately render such
exercise unnecessary.

Living Related
Allocation of organ is difficult and complex and raised many ethical issues.
Living related donors open different ethical issues.
Using a living related donor is becoming more common in organ transplants.
Usually, it is a relative donating to another relative.
In Germany and France altruistic donors are not used readily.
In Germany and France, donor recipients are required to prove a long-standing relationship
with their donors.

The increasing disparity between the waiting list for solid organs and the cadaveric organs
available has once again made live donors an increasingly important source of solid organs
in the United States. In 2002, the number of live donors for transplant exceeded the number
of cadaveric transplants done.

The U.S. UNOS guidelines dictates that the donor must be given adequate informed
consent with clearly articulated potential risks and must understand these risks and that
there is “donor benefit” in a donation. Presumably, this relates to psychological benefit
regarding improved self-esteem for being of help to another person.

Prisoners
Federal law prohibits the sale of organs in the United States. The U.S. prohibition of the sale
of organs dates to 1984. The World Health Organization issued a similar ban in 1994. The
lack of observance of these prohibitions in other countries has led to the widespread
commercialization of organs in those countries.

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-8](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-8)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-9](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-9)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-10](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-10)

2089255 – Taylor and Francis ©

The Chinese transplant community has used the organs from executed prisoners as a source
for transplantation; the government has stated that both the prisoners and their families
have given consent to organ donation, but the issue of the use of organs without permission,
the crimes for which execution is employed in China and the use of political prisoners for
organ donation have all been raised as questions in the lay press.
Recent events in China have opened the door for transplant tourism.
The Chinese transplantation committee uses organs from executed prisoners as a source of
transplantation.
The government has stated that both the prisoner and their family have given consent to
organ donation.
But without consent it is a crime and is being over overseen by the government.

Donor Strict Evaluation
A potential solution is a nonprofit entity or governmental agency to conduct evaluation of
donor requirements.
Psychological state.
The motivation of the donor needs to be addressed – sometimes the reasons are financial
and sometimes they can be pressure.

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-11](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-11)

**## CensusAssignment.docx**

You will complete this assignment as if you have been asked to provide an engaging and informative help resource for new administrators that addresses the following topics:

1. How to navigate the needs and expectations of differing stakeholders: recognize and strategize for a win-win every time

2. Conflicting values and principles of different groups: what to look for, how to empathize, and adjusting your approach

3. Ethical dilemmas: what to expect, what to do, and what not to do

Each point should receive a response between 300-400 words and should be informed by the textbook which I attached a portion of it and two other references.

**## EthiccDilemna.pdf**

2089255 – Taylor and Francis ©

This was initially limited to a small segment of U.S. population who were chronically ill due to
kidney failure and were on hemodialysis.

Shifting Donor Ethics
Every donor determination of brain death needs to be assessed by a different team not
involved in the care of the patient.
As the demand for donor organs has increased, the profile of the cadaveric donor has
changed over time. Early donors were young individuals usually involved in vehicular motor
accidents or the victims of trauma. Recently, the profile of the cadaveric donor has shifted to
the older donor whose death is more likely secondary to cerebral vascular accident or of
cardiac origin. This distinction is essential in the context of organ distribution as the outcome
of organ transplantation from the older donor is less ideal than the result from the younger
donor.

United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) System
Because of the multiple problems that the United States face regarding organ transplants,
the UNOS made guidelines.
Donor family must be given adequate informed consent;
Be aware of the potential risk and understand this risk;
There is a system for the end stage of disease called the Mayo Model for End-Stage Liver
Disease (MELD) system.
For the distribution of organs, the petitioner is assigned points based on objective promises
that taken together dictate their chance of dying without transplantation.
The altruistic method is in place and continues to be the driving force in United States.
Organ distribution would be to assign a place in line to the most gravely ill patients. This
method of delivery underlies the use of the MELD system for liver distribution.

Supply Demands
Supply and demand correlate economics with payment for transplantation. Organ availability
is limited.
One argument against the buying and selling of organs is that this practice will undermine
the system that currently exists, which is based on altruism.
The commercialization of the organ is not ethical and not taken into consideration.
The change in demographics of the cadaveric donor population raised additional issues in
organ allocation. As older donors are accepted for transplantation, it has been established
that kidneys and livers fare less well than organs from younger donors.

Ethics Issues
Transplant Tourism

Transplant tourism was developed for organ selling. This brought about ethical issues related to
paying donors for their body parts.

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-3](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-3)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-4](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-4)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-5](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-5)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-6](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-6)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-7](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-7)

2089255 – Taylor and Francis ©

In certain countries, sometimes it’s been oversight and therefore led many patients the United
States to travel to other countries this country to receive an organ.

Remuneration
The U.S. law doesn’t allow the exchange of organ for remuneration.
The proposals of donor rumination is still in discussion.
Paying to eliminate the waiting list for organ transplantation will direct most of the
transplants to high society and middle class and will eliminate the lower class.

A weak or disadvantaged individual has the right to determine whether he/she exchanges a
kidney for money. Furthermore, it is argued that the paternalistic attitude that the poor should
not profit from the sale of their organs does not attempt to find other solutions for the economic
disparities which exist among different groups within societies.

Many U.S. physicians feel obligated to inform patients that a life-saving organ is more readily
available in another country through the existing program of allocation.

The UNOS Ethics Committee has issued the following statement regarding transplant tourism:

the Committee would be remiss in failing to observe that the practice of transplant tourism might
not exist but for the growing disparity between the demand for and supply of organs. It is the solemn
obligation of the transplant community, not only to publicly condemn the exploitative practices of
transplant tourism but to endorse ethically defensible policies, which will ultimately render such
exercise unnecessary.

Living Related
Allocation of organ is difficult and complex and raised many ethical issues.
Living related donors open different ethical issues.
Using a living related donor is becoming more common in organ transplants.
Usually, it is a relative donating to another relative.
In Germany and France altruistic donors are not used readily.
In Germany and France, donor recipients are required to prove a long-standing relationship
with their donors.

The increasing disparity between the waiting list for solid organs and the cadaveric organs
available has once again made live donors an increasingly important source of solid organs
in the United States. In 2002, the number of live donors for transplant exceeded the number
of cadaveric transplants done.

The U.S. UNOS guidelines dictates that the donor must be given adequate informed
consent with clearly articulated potential risks and must understand these risks and that
there is “donor benefit” in a donation. Presumably, this relates to psychological benefit
regarding improved self-esteem for being of help to another person.

Prisoners
Federal law prohibits the sale of organs in the United States. The U.S. prohibition of the sale
of organs dates to 1984. The World Health Organization issued a similar ban in 1994. The
lack of observance of these prohibitions in other countries has led to the widespread
commercialization of organs in those countries.

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-8](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-8)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-9](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-9)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-10](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-10)

2089255 – Taylor and Francis ©

The Chinese transplant community has used the organs from executed prisoners as a source
for transplantation; the government has stated that both the prisoners and their families
have given consent to organ donation, but the issue of the use of organs without permission,
the crimes for which execution is employed in China and the use of political prisoners for
organ donation have all been raised as questions in the lay press.
Recent events in China have opened the door for transplant tourism.
The Chinese transplantation committee uses organs from executed prisoners as a source of
transplantation.
The government has stated that both the prisoner and their family have given consent to
organ donation.
But without consent it is a crime and is being over overseen by the government.

Donor Strict Evaluation
A potential solution is a nonprofit entity or governmental agency to conduct evaluation of
donor requirements.
Psychological state.
The motivation of the donor needs to be addressed – sometimes the reasons are financial
and sometimes they can be pressure.

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-11](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-11)

**## CensusAssignment.docx**

You will complete this assignment as if you have been asked to provide an engaging and informative help resource for new administrators that addresses the following topics:

1. How to navigate the needs and expectations of differing stakeholders: recognize and strategize for a win-win every time

2. Conflicting values and principles of different groups: what to look for, how to empathize, and adjusting your approach

3. Ethical dilemmas: what to expect, what to do, and what not to do

Each point should receive a response between 300-400 words and should be informed by the textbook which I attached a portion of it and two other references.

**## EthiccDilemna.pdf**

2089255 – Taylor and Francis ©

This was initially limited to a small segment of U.S. population who were chronically ill due to
kidney failure and were on hemodialysis.

Shifting Donor Ethics
Every donor determination of brain death needs to be assessed by a different team not
involved in the care of the patient.
As the demand for donor organs has increased, the profile of the cadaveric donor has
changed over time. Early donors were young individuals usually involved in vehicular motor
accidents or the victims of trauma. Recently, the profile of the cadaveric donor has shifted to
the older donor whose death is more likely secondary to cerebral vascular accident or of
cardiac origin. This distinction is essential in the context of organ distribution as the outcome
of organ transplantation from the older donor is less ideal than the result from the younger
donor.

United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) System
Because of the multiple problems that the United States face regarding organ transplants,
the UNOS made guidelines.
Donor family must be given adequate informed consent;
Be aware of the potential risk and understand this risk;
There is a system for the end stage of disease called the Mayo Model for End-Stage Liver
Disease (MELD) system.
For the distribution of organs, the petitioner is assigned points based on objective promises
that taken together dictate their chance of dying without transplantation.
The altruistic method is in place and continues to be the driving force in United States.
Organ distribution would be to assign a place in line to the most gravely ill patients. This
method of delivery underlies the use of the MELD system for liver distribution.

Supply Demands
Supply and demand correlate economics with payment for transplantation. Organ availability
is limited.
One argument against the buying and selling of organs is that this practice will undermine
the system that currently exists, which is based on altruism.
The commercialization of the organ is not ethical and not taken into consideration.
The change in demographics of the cadaveric donor population raised additional issues in
organ allocation. As older donors are accepted for transplantation, it has been established
that kidneys and livers fare less well than organs from younger donors.

Ethics Issues
Transplant Tourism

Transplant tourism was developed for organ selling. This brought about ethical issues related to
paying donors for their body parts.

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-3](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-3)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-4](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-4)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-5](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-5)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-6](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-6)

[file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-7](file://view/books/9780429015830/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/contents.html#re_ch-26-sec-7)

2089255 – Taylor and Francis ©

In certain countries, sometimes it’s been oversight and therefore led many patients the United
States to travel to other countries this country to receive an organ.

Remuneration
The U.S. law doesn’t allow the exchange of organ for remuneration.
The proposals of donor rumination is still in discussion.
Paying to eliminate the waiting list for organ transplantation will direct most of the
transplants to high society and middle class and will eliminate the lower class.

A weak or disadvantaged individual has the right to determine whether he/she exchanges a
kidney for money. Furthermore, it is argued that the paternalistic attitude that the poor should
not profit from the sale of their organs does not attempt to find other solutions for the economic
disparities which exist among different groups within societies.

Many U.S. physicians feel obligated to inform patients that a life-saving organ is more readily
available in another country through the existing program of allocation.

The UNOS Ethics Committee has issued the following statement regarding transplant tourism:

the Committee would be remiss in failing to observe that the practice of transplant tourism might
not exist but for the growing disparity between the demand for and supply of organs. It is the solemn
obligation of the transplant community, not only to publicly condemn the exploitative practices of
transplant tourism but to endorse ethically defensible policies, which will ultimately render such
exercise unnecessary.

Living Related
Allocation of organ is difficult and complex and raised many ethical issues.
Living related donors open different ethical issues.
Using a living related donor is becoming more common in organ transplants.
Usually, it is a relative donating to another relative.
In Germany and France altruistic donors are not used readily.
In Germany and France, donor recipients are required to prove a long-standing relationship
with their donors.

The increasing disparity between the waiting list for solid organs and the cadaveric organs
available has once again made live donors an increasingly important source of solid organs
in the United States. In 2002, the number of live donors for transplant exceeded the number
of cadaveric transplants done.

The U.S. UNOS guidelines dictates that the donor must be given adequate informed
consent with clearly articulated potential risks and must understand these risks and that
there is “donor benefit” in a donation. Presumably, this relates to psychological benefit
regarding improved self-esteem for being of help to another person.

Prisoners
Federal law prohibits the sale of organs in the United States. The U.S. prohibition of the sale
of organs dates to 1984. The World Health Organization issued a similar ban in 1994. The
lack of observance of these prohibitions in other countries has led to the widespread
commercialization of organs in those countries.

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2089255 – Taylor and Francis ©

The Chinese transplant community has used the organs from executed prisoners as a source
for transplantation; the government has stated that both the prisoners and their families
have given consent to organ donation, but the issue of the use of organs without permission,
the crimes for which execution is employed in China and the use of political prisoners for
organ donation have all been raised as questions in the lay press.
Recent events in China have opened the door for transplant tourism.
The Chinese transplantation committee uses organs from executed prisoners as a source of
transplantation.
The government has stated that both the prisoner and their family have given consent to
organ donation.
But without consent it is a crime and is being over overseen by the government.

Donor Strict Evaluation
A potential solution is a nonprofit entity or governmental agency to conduct evaluation of
donor requirements.
Psychological state.
The motivation of the donor needs to be addressed – sometimes the reasons are financial
and sometimes they can be pressure.

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