Assignment Prompt & Instructions
tutor discussion, assignment and respond for Business Management
– ## Complex_Individualism_and_Legiweek5.pdf
– ## A_Comparison_of_Nigerian_to_Amweek5.pdf
– ## week5busn604.docx
– Driving_across_Markets_An_Anaweek5.pdf
**## Complex_Individualism_and_Legiweek5.pdf**
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
**## A_Comparison_of_Nigerian_to_Amweek5.pdf**
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
**## week5busn604.docx**
*****WEEK 5 Discussion Prompt (No more than 300 words)**
[https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932#](https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932)
[https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932#](https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932)
[https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932#](https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932)
[https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-principlesofmanagement/chapter/responding-to-cultural-differences/](https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-principlesofmanagement/chapter/responding-to-cultural-differences/)
**Product Life Cycle**
The product life cycle (PLC) is a useful tool for managing products after they have been introduced to domestic or foreign markets. The lifetime of a product can be divided into four stages:
1. In the introduction phase, sales gradually increase, as do profits. Losses are common in the early part of this stage.
2. Sales and profits rapidly increase in the growth phase. Profits reach a maximum during the latter part of the growth stage.
3. In the maturity phase, sales reach a peak and then begin to decline as profits continue to decline.
4. In the decline phase, both sales and profits have continued to decline. Once products reach the decline phase, they need to be considered for elimination.
Position 1: Outsourcing (Green) (Downward)
VS
Position 2: Insourcing (Red) (Upward)
This is a juxtaposition Discussion question. Choose a side. If you choose the green side, find material to support your response…but you also must find a way to resolve the counter-side on RED. If you choose the red side, find sources to help support your position…but you also must resolve the counter-side on GREEN.
Many companies around the world, including those in the US, have outsourced goods and services to India and China. However, some of these businesses have reversed course and are now insourcing these goods and services. Do you agree that this course reversal may be justified? Which position do you take: Insourcing or Outsourcing?
Evaluate the pros and cons of free trade and its effect on both local and global economies. Describe how additional external financing requirements are determined. Then, identify the goal and functions of financial management. Remember to explain the counter-side of your position with these things in mind.
*****Respond PL (No more than 150 words)**
Insourcing is justified. Companies gain greater oversight when production and services occur close to home. Insourcing reduces communication delays, inconsistent product standards, and difficulties in enforcing intellectual property protections. According to a McKinsey Global Institute study, companies that re-shored production saw significant improvements in response time and design iteration cycles. COVID-19 exposed the fragility of long global supply chains. Insourcing provides shorter logistics routes, reduced reliance on foreign governments and protection against geopolitical risks.
Insourcing boosts domestic employment and innovation clusters. When companies bring production back, local economies benefit through job creation, increased tax revenues, and partnerships with local suppliers and the mitigation of technology spillovers. These benefits support long-term economic sustainability and community stability.
Outsourcing is still attractive due to lower labor costs, the scale of economies in China/India, and access to large skilled labor pools. Free trade theory and comparative advantage argue that countries should specialize where they are relatively most efficient, lowering global prices and increasing total world output. Insourcing does not require abandoning global trade. Instead, companies can adopt hybrid models and keep research and development, core technology, and sensitive operations in the U.S. while only using outsourcing for low-risk, commoditized components
Some pros of free trade are lower consumer prices, increases in global efficiency, the encourages innovation and specialization, expansion of markets for U.S. exporters and an increase global economic growth. Cons include short-term job losses in high-income countries, an over-reliance on foreign suppliers, supply chain vulnerability, and an uneven distribution of gains
Companies determine how much external financing is needed by analyzing projected increase in assets required to support growth, spontaneous liabilities that grow naturally with sales, how much retained earnings will grow internally, and the gap between required assets and available internal financing. With the primary goal of financial management being to increase shareholder wealth using an insourcing or hybrid model to accomplish the functions of investment decisions, financing decisions, capital management, and planning an analysis that much easier.
*****Respond DT (No more than 150 words)**
I support the Insourcing position because the course reversal from outsourcing back to domestic production and services can be justified on strategic, cultural, and financial grounds. As Burton and Burton (2019) explain, global business strategies must adapt to cultural differences, and companies often underestimate how culture affects coordination, quality control, and long-term relationships. When outsourcing creates cultural misalignment, communication barriers, or inconsistent product standards, insourcing may provide greater stability and control. Many U.S. firms have recognized that bringing operations back home can improve quality oversight, enhance internal communication, and reduce the risk associated with foreign regulatory changes and global supply chain disruptions.
At the same time, I recognize the typical advantages of outsourcing, such as lower labor costs and access to global talent. Outsourcing can expand a firm’s reach into emerging markets and help reduce operational expenses. However, these benefits must be weighed against shifting economic conditions. Gaspar et al. (2014) emphasize that global business environments are dynamic, and cost advantages in countries such as India and China can diminish as wages rise, intellectual property concerns grow, and international supply chains face instability. While outsourcing remains a viable option in some industries, the long-term strategic alignment sometimes favors insourcing, especially for companies seeking tighter cultural integration and business continuity.
Free trade also shapes this conversation. On the positive side, free trade promotes efficiency, lowers consumer prices, and creates opportunities for multinational partnerships. These benefits can support outsourcing by enabling companies to access cheaper inputs or labor. However, free trade can also expose local economies to job displacement and increased competition. Insourcing helps mitigate these downsides by strengthening domestic employment, preserving specialized knowledge, and reducing dependency on global logistics networks that can experience volatility. As Gaspar et al. (2014) highlight, global economic interdependence creates both opportunities and vulnerabilities, and firms must choose strategies that best balance efficiency with resilience.
Financial management principles further justify insourcing decisions. Determining external financing needs requires examining projected asset growth relative to retained earnings, as described by Cornett et al. (2015). When outsourcing introduces uncertainty, hidden costs, or unstable cash flows, a firm may require additional financing to sustain foreign contracts or maintain global operations. Insourcing, by contrast, can simplify financing needs by consolidating costs, improving forecasting accuracy, and reducing exposure to foreign exchange risks. Cornett et al. (2015) state that the overarching goal of financial management is to maximize shareholder wealth while managing risk which is an objective often better supported when operations remain internal, controlled, and strategically aligned.
In summary, while outsourcing can provide short-term cost savings and remains valid in globally integrated markets, the strategic advantages of insourcing may enhance quality control, reduce cultural friction, strengthen domestic employment, and improved financial stability. Insourcing aligns more directly with long-term risk mitigation and effective financial management, making it the stronger position in today’s global business environment.
*****Week 5 Assignment Prompt:** In a 675-700 content words paper, identify and describe the four strategies discussed.
Different cultural perspectives of a region can impact several aspects of a company’s global business operations. This week, in the Readings & Resources, you will review an article on business strategy and international culture (Global Business Strategies for Respond to Cultural Differences*). Using this article, appraise how cultural differences affect the way business transactions are completed and influence free trade and professional relationships.
*Bruton J. & Bruton, L. (n.d.). Global business strategies for responding to cultural differences.
_Principles of Management._ Lumen Learning.
**Week 5 Assignment Directions:**
In a 675-700 content words paper, identify and describe the four strategies discussed.
**Learning Outcomes**
· Explain export strategies for global management.
· Explain standardization strategies for global management.
· Explain multidomestic strategies for global management.
· Explain transnational strategies for global management.
For each strategy, appraise how international culture, risk, and free trade play a part in effective legal and ethical decision making for the different models presented. Citations required in each section.
references
Sogemeier, D., Forster, Y., Naujoks, F., Krems, J. F., & Keinath, A. (2024). Driving across Markets: An Analysis of a Human–Machine Interface in Different International Contexts.
_Information, 15_(6), 349.
[https://doi-org.ezproxy2.apus.edu/10.3390/info15060349](https://doi-org.ezproxy2.apus.edu/10.3390/info15060349)
Tsalikis, J., & Nwachukwu, O. (1991). A Comparison of Nigerian to American Views of Bribery and Extortion in International Commerce: JBE.
_Journal of Business Ethics, 10_(2), 85.
[http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fcomparison-nigerian-american-views-bribery%2Fdocview%2F198070847%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289](http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fcomparison-nigerian-american-views-bribery%2Fdocview%2F198070847%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289)
Facchini, F. (2002). Complex Individualism and Legitimacy of Absolute Property Rights.
_European Journal of Law and Economics, 13_(1), 35.
[http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fcomplex-individualism-legitimacy-absolute%2Fdocview%2F222691207%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289](http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fcomplex-individualism-legitimacy-absolute%2Fdocview%2F222691207%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289)
**Driving_across_Markets_An_Anaweek5.pdf**
This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/driving-across-markets-an-anaweek5-pdf)
**Driving_across_Markets_An_Anaweek5.pdf**
This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/driving-across-markets-an-anaweek5-pdf)
**## Complex_Individualism_and_Legiweek5.pdf**
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
**## A_Comparison_of_Nigerian_to_Amweek5.pdf**
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
**## week5busn604.docx**
*****WEEK 5 Discussion Prompt (No more than 300 words)**
[https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932#](https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932)
[https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932#](https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932)
[https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932#](https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932)
[https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-principlesofmanagement/chapter/responding-to-cultural-differences/](https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-principlesofmanagement/chapter/responding-to-cultural-differences/)
**Product Life Cycle**
The product life cycle (PLC) is a useful tool for managing products after they have been introduced to domestic or foreign markets. The lifetime of a product can be divided into four stages:
1. In the introduction phase, sales gradually increase, as do profits. Losses are common in the early part of this stage.
2. Sales and profits rapidly increase in the growth phase. Profits reach a maximum during the latter part of the growth stage.
3. In the maturity phase, sales reach a peak and then begin to decline as profits continue to decline.
4. In the decline phase, both sales and profits have continued to decline. Once products reach the decline phase, they need to be considered for elimination.
Position 1: Outsourcing (Green) (Downward)
VS
Position 2: Insourcing (Red) (Upward)
This is a juxtaposition Discussion question. Choose a side. If you choose the green side, find material to support your response…but you also must find a way to resolve the counter-side on RED. If you choose the red side, find sources to help support your position…but you also must resolve the counter-side on GREEN.
Many companies around the world, including those in the US, have outsourced goods and services to India and China. However, some of these businesses have reversed course and are now insourcing these goods and services. Do you agree that this course reversal may be justified? Which position do you take: Insourcing or Outsourcing?
Evaluate the pros and cons of free trade and its effect on both local and global economies. Describe how additional external financing requirements are determined. Then, identify the goal and functions of financial management. Remember to explain the counter-side of your position with these things in mind.
*****Respond PL (No more than 150 words)**
Insourcing is justified. Companies gain greater oversight when production and services occur close to home. Insourcing reduces communication delays, inconsistent product standards, and difficulties in enforcing intellectual property protections. According to a McKinsey Global Institute study, companies that re-shored production saw significant improvements in response time and design iteration cycles. COVID-19 exposed the fragility of long global supply chains. Insourcing provides shorter logistics routes, reduced reliance on foreign governments and protection against geopolitical risks.
Insourcing boosts domestic employment and innovation clusters. When companies bring production back, local economies benefit through job creation, increased tax revenues, and partnerships with local suppliers and the mitigation of technology spillovers. These benefits support long-term economic sustainability and community stability.
Outsourcing is still attractive due to lower labor costs, the scale of economies in China/India, and access to large skilled labor pools. Free trade theory and comparative advantage argue that countries should specialize where they are relatively most efficient, lowering global prices and increasing total world output. Insourcing does not require abandoning global trade. Instead, companies can adopt hybrid models and keep research and development, core technology, and sensitive operations in the U.S. while only using outsourcing for low-risk, commoditized components
Some pros of free trade are lower consumer prices, increases in global efficiency, the encourages innovation and specialization, expansion of markets for U.S. exporters and an increase global economic growth. Cons include short-term job losses in high-income countries, an over-reliance on foreign suppliers, supply chain vulnerability, and an uneven distribution of gains
Companies determine how much external financing is needed by analyzing projected increase in assets required to support growth, spontaneous liabilities that grow naturally with sales, how much retained earnings will grow internally, and the gap between required assets and available internal financing. With the primary goal of financial management being to increase shareholder wealth using an insourcing or hybrid model to accomplish the functions of investment decisions, financing decisions, capital management, and planning an analysis that much easier.
*****Respond DT (No more than 150 words)**
I support the Insourcing position because the course reversal from outsourcing back to domestic production and services can be justified on strategic, cultural, and financial grounds. As Burton and Burton (2019) explain, global business strategies must adapt to cultural differences, and companies often underestimate how culture affects coordination, quality control, and long-term relationships. When outsourcing creates cultural misalignment, communication barriers, or inconsistent product standards, insourcing may provide greater stability and control. Many U.S. firms have recognized that bringing operations back home can improve quality oversight, enhance internal communication, and reduce the risk associated with foreign regulatory changes and global supply chain disruptions.
At the same time, I recognize the typical advantages of outsourcing, such as lower labor costs and access to global talent. Outsourcing can expand a firm’s reach into emerging markets and help reduce operational expenses. However, these benefits must be weighed against shifting economic conditions. Gaspar et al. (2014) emphasize that global business environments are dynamic, and cost advantages in countries such as India and China can diminish as wages rise, intellectual property concerns grow, and international supply chains face instability. While outsourcing remains a viable option in some industries, the long-term strategic alignment sometimes favors insourcing, especially for companies seeking tighter cultural integration and business continuity.
Free trade also shapes this conversation. On the positive side, free trade promotes efficiency, lowers consumer prices, and creates opportunities for multinational partnerships. These benefits can support outsourcing by enabling companies to access cheaper inputs or labor. However, free trade can also expose local economies to job displacement and increased competition. Insourcing helps mitigate these downsides by strengthening domestic employment, preserving specialized knowledge, and reducing dependency on global logistics networks that can experience volatility. As Gaspar et al. (2014) highlight, global economic interdependence creates both opportunities and vulnerabilities, and firms must choose strategies that best balance efficiency with resilience.
Financial management principles further justify insourcing decisions. Determining external financing needs requires examining projected asset growth relative to retained earnings, as described by Cornett et al. (2015). When outsourcing introduces uncertainty, hidden costs, or unstable cash flows, a firm may require additional financing to sustain foreign contracts or maintain global operations. Insourcing, by contrast, can simplify financing needs by consolidating costs, improving forecasting accuracy, and reducing exposure to foreign exchange risks. Cornett et al. (2015) state that the overarching goal of financial management is to maximize shareholder wealth while managing risk which is an objective often better supported when operations remain internal, controlled, and strategically aligned.
In summary, while outsourcing can provide short-term cost savings and remains valid in globally integrated markets, the strategic advantages of insourcing may enhance quality control, reduce cultural friction, strengthen domestic employment, and improved financial stability. Insourcing aligns more directly with long-term risk mitigation and effective financial management, making it the stronger position in today’s global business environment.
*****Week 5 Assignment Prompt:** In a 675-700 content words paper, identify and describe the four strategies discussed.
Different cultural perspectives of a region can impact several aspects of a company’s global business operations. This week, in the Readings & Resources, you will review an article on business strategy and international culture (Global Business Strategies for Respond to Cultural Differences*). Using this article, appraise how cultural differences affect the way business transactions are completed and influence free trade and professional relationships.
*Bruton J. & Bruton, L. (n.d.). Global business strategies for responding to cultural differences.
_Principles of Management._ Lumen Learning.
**Week 5 Assignment Directions:**
In a 675-700 content words paper, identify and describe the four strategies discussed.
**Learning Outcomes**
· Explain export strategies for global management.
· Explain standardization strategies for global management.
· Explain multidomestic strategies for global management.
· Explain transnational strategies for global management.
For each strategy, appraise how international culture, risk, and free trade play a part in effective legal and ethical decision making for the different models presented. Citations required in each section.
references
Sogemeier, D., Forster, Y., Naujoks, F., Krems, J. F., & Keinath, A. (2024). Driving across Markets: An Analysis of a Human–Machine Interface in Different International Contexts.
_Information, 15_(6), 349.
[https://doi-org.ezproxy2.apus.edu/10.3390/info15060349](https://doi-org.ezproxy2.apus.edu/10.3390/info15060349)
Tsalikis, J., & Nwachukwu, O. (1991). A Comparison of Nigerian to American Views of Bribery and Extortion in International Commerce: JBE.
_Journal of Business Ethics, 10_(2), 85.
[http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fcomparison-nigerian-american-views-bribery%2Fdocview%2F198070847%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289](http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fcomparison-nigerian-american-views-bribery%2Fdocview%2F198070847%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289)
Facchini, F. (2002). Complex Individualism and Legitimacy of Absolute Property Rights.
_European Journal of Law and Economics, 13_(1), 35.
[http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fcomplex-individualism-legitimacy-absolute%2Fdocview%2F222691207%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289](http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fcomplex-individualism-legitimacy-absolute%2Fdocview%2F222691207%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289)
**Driving_across_Markets_An_Anaweek5.pdf**
This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/driving-across-markets-an-anaweek5-pdf)
**## Complex_Individualism_and_Legiweek5.pdf**
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
**## A_Comparison_of_Nigerian_to_Amweek5.pdf**
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
**## week5busn604.docx**
*****WEEK 5 Discussion Prompt (No more than 300 words)**
[https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932#](https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932)
[https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932#](https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932)
[https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932#](https://lgapi-us.libapps.com/widgets.php?site_id=1192&widget_type=10&output_format=1&widget_embed_type=2&course_id=110400&enable_navigation=1&config_id=1723649013932)
[https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-principlesofmanagement/chapter/responding-to-cultural-differences/](https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-principlesofmanagement/chapter/responding-to-cultural-differences/)
**Product Life Cycle**
The product life cycle (PLC) is a useful tool for managing products after they have been introduced to domestic or foreign markets. The lifetime of a product can be divided into four stages:
1. In the introduction phase, sales gradually increase, as do profits. Losses are common in the early part of this stage.
2. Sales and profits rapidly increase in the growth phase. Profits reach a maximum during the latter part of the growth stage.
3. In the maturity phase, sales reach a peak and then begin to decline as profits continue to decline.
4. In the decline phase, both sales and profits have continued to decline. Once products reach the decline phase, they need to be considered for elimination.
Position 1: Outsourcing (Green) (Downward)
VS
Position 2: Insourcing (Red) (Upward)
This is a juxtaposition Discussion question. Choose a side. If you choose the green side, find material to support your response…but you also must find a way to resolve the counter-side on RED. If you choose the red side, find sources to help support your position…but you also must resolve the counter-side on GREEN.
Many companies around the world, including those in the US, have outsourced goods and services to India and China. However, some of these businesses have reversed course and are now insourcing these goods and services. Do you agree that this course reversal may be justified? Which position do you take: Insourcing or Outsourcing?
Evaluate the pros and cons of free trade and its effect on both local and global economies. Describe how additional external financing requirements are determined. Then, identify the goal and functions of financial management. Remember to explain the counter-side of your position with these things in mind.
*****Respond PL (No more than 150 words)**
Insourcing is justified. Companies gain greater oversight when production and services occur close to home. Insourcing reduces communication delays, inconsistent product standards, and difficulties in enforcing intellectual property protections. According to a McKinsey Global Institute study, companies that re-shored production saw significant improvements in response time and design iteration cycles. COVID-19 exposed the fragility of long global supply chains. Insourcing provides shorter logistics routes, reduced reliance on foreign governments and protection against geopolitical risks.
Insourcing boosts domestic employment and innovation clusters. When companies bring production back, local economies benefit through job creation, increased tax revenues, and partnerships with local suppliers and the mitigation of technology spillovers. These benefits support long-term economic sustainability and community stability.
Outsourcing is still attractive due to lower labor costs, the scale of economies in China/India, and access to large skilled labor pools. Free trade theory and comparative advantage argue that countries should specialize where they are relatively most efficient, lowering global prices and increasing total world output. Insourcing does not require abandoning global trade. Instead, companies can adopt hybrid models and keep research and development, core technology, and sensitive operations in the U.S. while only using outsourcing for low-risk, commoditized components
Some pros of free trade are lower consumer prices, increases in global efficiency, the encourages innovation and specialization, expansion of markets for U.S. exporters and an increase global economic growth. Cons include short-term job losses in high-income countries, an over-reliance on foreign suppliers, supply chain vulnerability, and an uneven distribution of gains
Companies determine how much external financing is needed by analyzing projected increase in assets required to support growth, spontaneous liabilities that grow naturally with sales, how much retained earnings will grow internally, and the gap between required assets and available internal financing. With the primary goal of financial management being to increase shareholder wealth using an insourcing or hybrid model to accomplish the functions of investment decisions, financing decisions, capital management, and planning an analysis that much easier.
*****Respond DT (No more than 150 words)**
I support the Insourcing position because the course reversal from outsourcing back to domestic production and services can be justified on strategic, cultural, and financial grounds. As Burton and Burton (2019) explain, global business strategies must adapt to cultural differences, and companies often underestimate how culture affects coordination, quality control, and long-term relationships. When outsourcing creates cultural misalignment, communication barriers, or inconsistent product standards, insourcing may provide greater stability and control. Many U.S. firms have recognized that bringing operations back home can improve quality oversight, enhance internal communication, and reduce the risk associated with foreign regulatory changes and global supply chain disruptions.
At the same time, I recognize the typical advantages of outsourcing, such as lower labor costs and access to global talent. Outsourcing can expand a firm’s reach into emerging markets and help reduce operational expenses. However, these benefits must be weighed against shifting economic conditions. Gaspar et al. (2014) emphasize that global business environments are dynamic, and cost advantages in countries such as India and China can diminish as wages rise, intellectual property concerns grow, and international supply chains face instability. While outsourcing remains a viable option in some industries, the long-term strategic alignment sometimes favors insourcing, especially for companies seeking tighter cultural integration and business continuity.
Free trade also shapes this conversation. On the positive side, free trade promotes efficiency, lowers consumer prices, and creates opportunities for multinational partnerships. These benefits can support outsourcing by enabling companies to access cheaper inputs or labor. However, free trade can also expose local economies to job displacement and increased competition. Insourcing helps mitigate these downsides by strengthening domestic employment, preserving specialized knowledge, and reducing dependency on global logistics networks that can experience volatility. As Gaspar et al. (2014) highlight, global economic interdependence creates both opportunities and vulnerabilities, and firms must choose strategies that best balance efficiency with resilience.
Financial management principles further justify insourcing decisions. Determining external financing needs requires examining projected asset growth relative to retained earnings, as described by Cornett et al. (2015). When outsourcing introduces uncertainty, hidden costs, or unstable cash flows, a firm may require additional financing to sustain foreign contracts or maintain global operations. Insourcing, by contrast, can simplify financing needs by consolidating costs, improving forecasting accuracy, and reducing exposure to foreign exchange risks. Cornett et al. (2015) state that the overarching goal of financial management is to maximize shareholder wealth while managing risk which is an objective often better supported when operations remain internal, controlled, and strategically aligned.
In summary, while outsourcing can provide short-term cost savings and remains valid in globally integrated markets, the strategic advantages of insourcing may enhance quality control, reduce cultural friction, strengthen domestic employment, and improved financial stability. Insourcing aligns more directly with long-term risk mitigation and effective financial management, making it the stronger position in today’s global business environment.
*****Week 5 Assignment Prompt:** In a 675-700 content words paper, identify and describe the four strategies discussed.
Different cultural perspectives of a region can impact several aspects of a company’s global business operations. This week, in the Readings & Resources, you will review an article on business strategy and international culture (Global Business Strategies for Respond to Cultural Differences*). Using this article, appraise how cultural differences affect the way business transactions are completed and influence free trade and professional relationships.
*Bruton J. & Bruton, L. (n.d.). Global business strategies for responding to cultural differences.
_Principles of Management._ Lumen Learning.
**Week 5 Assignment Directions:**
In a 675-700 content words paper, identify and describe the four strategies discussed.
**Learning Outcomes**
· Explain export strategies for global management.
· Explain standardization strategies for global management.
· Explain multidomestic strategies for global management.
· Explain transnational strategies for global management.
For each strategy, appraise how international culture, risk, and free trade play a part in effective legal and ethical decision making for the different models presented. Citations required in each section.
references
Sogemeier, D., Forster, Y., Naujoks, F., Krems, J. F., & Keinath, A. (2024). Driving across Markets: An Analysis of a Human–Machine Interface in Different International Contexts.
_Information, 15_(6), 349.
[https://doi-org.ezproxy2.apus.edu/10.3390/info15060349](https://doi-org.ezproxy2.apus.edu/10.3390/info15060349)
Tsalikis, J., & Nwachukwu, O. (1991). A Comparison of Nigerian to American Views of Bribery and Extortion in International Commerce: JBE.
_Journal of Business Ethics, 10_(2), 85.
[http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fcomparison-nigerian-american-views-bribery%2Fdocview%2F198070847%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289](http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fcomparison-nigerian-american-views-bribery%2Fdocview%2F198070847%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289)
Facchini, F. (2002). Complex Individualism and Legitimacy of Absolute Property Rights.
_European Journal of Law and Economics, 13_(1), 35.
[http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fcomplex-individualism-legitimacy-absolute%2Fdocview%2F222691207%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289](http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fcomplex-individualism-legitimacy-absolute%2Fdocview%2F222691207%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289)
**Driving_across_Markets_An_Anaweek5.pdf**
This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/driving-across-markets-an-anaweek5-pdf)
– 1
– 2
– 3
– 4